The Amending Act of 1786, also known as the East India Company Act 1786, was introduced as a follow-up to the Pitt’s India Act of 1784. This act aimed to address certain shortcomings and ambiguities identified in the previous legislation, particularly in the governance and administration of British possessions in India. The Amending Act of 1786 made significant amendments to the structure and functioning of the East India Company’s governance in India, with a focus on enhancing British government control and efficiency. Let’s delve deeper into the key provisions and impacts of this crucial piece of legislation.
The Amending Act of 1786 was passed by the British Government to grant more authority to Lord Cornwallis, the Governor-General of Bengal. He wanted the power to make important decisions without always needing approval from his council, especially in unusual situations. This article will discuss the background, objectives, key provisions, and significance of the Amending Act of 1786.
Lord Cornwallis and the Amending Act of 1786: Changes in Bengal’s Governance In 1786, Lord Cornwallis became the Governor-General of Bengal and asked for two specific powers. Firstly, he wanted the ability to overturn decisions made by his council in exceptional cases. Secondly, he sought the authority to go against the choices of his council. Additionally, he also took on the role of Commander-in-Chief.
Lord Cornwallis is known for his significant contributions, such as restructuring the British military and government, and implementing vital reforms in land management, the judicial system, and administration. He pushed for expanding the Governor-General’s powers, allowing him to act independently in unique situations, even if it meant going against the decisions of the majority in his council.
Lord Cornwallis had an important role as both the Governor-General and the Commander in Chief, making him the first effective ruler under the Board of Control and the Court of Directors. With this dual role, he brought about major changes, like restructuring the judicial system and making administrative improvements. He was particularly influential in setting up the Permanent Settlement in Bengal.
The main goal of the Amending Act of 1786 was to increase the authority of the Governor-General and establish rules for situations where there was disagreement between the council and the Governor-General.
Key Features of the Act
- It combined the roles of Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief.
- The Governor-General gained more power in exceptional circumstances and could overrule the council.
- The King’s approval was no longer required for appointing the Governor-General.
- The Court of Directors gained authority in appointing the Commander-in-Chief, Governor-General, and Council members.
- Both sides had to provide written explanations if the Governor-General or Governor used their extraordinary powers to overrule the council.
- If the Governor-General or Governor acted independently, they would be personally responsible for their actions without council approval.
Drawbacks of the Amending Act of 1786
While the Act granted significant authority to override the Council’s decisions, the inclusion of the personal liability clause for actions taken without Council approval somewhat reduced its overall impact.
Also Read: Pitt’s India Act 1784.