Geography Notes For UPSC Exam 2023: Geography is one of the crucial subjects you need to strengthen your basics in if you’re preparing for the UPSC exam. And for that, you need to be thorough with the Important topics of Geography for UPSC exams. It is covered in both the General Studies paper in the UPSC Prelims and the GS Paper 1 in the UPSC (Main) examination. So, you need to study the Important Topics of Geography for the UPSC Prelims and Mains exam.
UPSC Notes For UPSC Exam 2023:
- Importance History Notes for UPSC
- Importance Polity Notes for UPSC
- Importance Ethics Notes for UPSC
- Importance Economics Notes for UPSC
- Importance Science & Technology Notes for UPSC
- Previous Year’s Papers of UPSC
Most Important Geography Notes for UPSC Exam2023 (Prelims and Mains)
Geography establishes the relevance of human existence, the components that are favourable to life, and the aspects that are not conducive to human life in the UPSC framework of the syllabus.
The UPSC geography syllabus is split into numerous micro topics, which are covered the below:
- Types of Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
- Types And Effects Of Solar Storms
- Types of Clouds
- Types of Tides
- Importance of Tides
- Melting of Glaciers
- Polar Code
- Ground Level Ozone and Its Effect
- Various Agricultural Revolutions Of India
- Neighbouring Countries of India
- Ocean Currents: Various Types, Causes, Effects
- Ocean Currents – Factors and Impact on Climate
- Salinity of Ocean Water: Factors, Horizontals, and Vertical Distribution
- Causes, Effects, and Solutions to Ocean Dead Zones
- Coral Reefs: Types and Importance
- Effect of Global Warming on Coral Reefs
- Factors Affecting India’s Climate
- Carbon Market
- Ecologically Sensitive Zones
- Western And Eastern Coastal Plains Of India
- Distinguish Between Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers
- Neighboring Countries of India
- Land Degradation: Impact and Steps Taken by Government
- Land Reforms In India
- Types of Natural Vegetation in India
- Urban Solid Waste Management and its Challenges
- Government Steps to Control Floods and Droughts
- Cropping Patterns and Major Crops of India
- Horticulture In India: Its Growth And Future
- Wetlands and Wise Use Principle of the Ramsar Convention
- Measures to Improve Water Storage and Irrigation System
- Constitutional Provisions for the Protection of the Environment
- Social Forestry – Types and Benefits
- Indian Desert and its Features
- Role of Rivers in Indian Economy
- Role of National Horticulture Mission in Boosting the Production, Productivity, and Income of Horticulture Farms
- Compensatory Afforestation: Govt Initiative and Regulation
- UN Climate Change Conference (COP26)
- Importance of Water Conservation and Management
- Genetically Modified Crops
- Anti-Immunization Propaganda
- Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
- Geoinformatics For Precision Agriculture
- Biological Diversity Act 2002
- Single-use Plastic – The Concerns Cause and Solutions
- Biorock Technology
- Radioactive Waste Management
- Tiger Census Report of India
- Issues Related to Urbanization in India
- Differentiate the Causes of Landslides in the Himalayan region and the Western Ghats
- Relation of Human Development with Environment and Climate Change
- Atal Mission For Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
- Government Measures to Improve Agricultural Marketing in India
- Smart City Mission – Features, Strategy, and Challenges
- Transportation and Economic Development
- Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere
- Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)
- Rural and Urban Settlements
- Scope and Future of Organic Farming With Sustainable Development
- Conventional Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages
- National Clean Air Programme(NCAP)
- Forest and Wildlife Resources
- Integrated Farming System for Sustainable Agriculture
- Technological and Institutional Reforms of Indian Agriculture
- Future of 5G technology in Agriculture
- Gwadar Port and its Geopolitical Impact on India
- National Action Plan For Climate Change (NAPCC)
- Cloudbursts in India
- What is a Cloudburst? – Definition, Causes, Impacts, Examples
- Non-geographical Factors Needed for Industries
- Horn of Africa
- Fiber-Reinforced Plastic
- Urban Water Management
- Forest Restoration in India
- Green Protection to Aravalli Range
- Climate Emergency In The View of The Renewable Revolution
- The Objective of the Ministry of Jal Shakti
- Micro Irrigation System
- Constitutional Provisions for the Protection of the Environment
- World Climate Research Programme
- National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture
- Mining Sector In India And Its Challenges
- India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021
- North Sentinel Island and Sentinelese Tribe
- Rubber Board
- Ocean Pollution: Causes, Effects and Prevention
- The Future of Green Hydrogen and its Challenges
- List of Tallest Mountains in the United States
- Top 8 Longest Rivers in the World
- What is Ashwagandha? : Health Benefits, Plant & Uses
- What is Solar Flare?
- Top 10 Largest Cities in the World
- What is Hurricane?
- Difference Between Cyclones and Hurricanes
- What are El Nino and La Nina? and their Effects
- Top 10 Highest Mountains in the World
- What is Net Zero and Why is it Important?
- Bomb Cyclone: Characteristics, Effects and Hot Spots
- Ocean Floor: Features, Types, and Structure
- Autumnal Equinox: Definition, Dates & Facts
- Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
- Summer Solstice: When is it and What Causes it?
- What are Metamorphic Rocks?
- National Water Policy
- Volcanic Landforms: Extrusive and Intrusive
- National Committee on Trade Facilitation
- Digitization in Farm Productivity
- Triple Dip La Nina
- Intangible Cultural Heritage of India
- One Nation One Fertiliser
- Palm Oil in India
- Agri Exports in India
- Sugarcane and Sugar Industry in India
- World Food Program
- Cloudbursts Definition & Basic Mechanism
- Syllabus of Geography for UPSC Civil Services Exam –
| Geography Syllabus for UPSC- Prelims |
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| Geography Syllabus for UPSC- Mains |
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| UPSC Geography Optional Syllabus |
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UPSC Mains Geography Syllabus:
Geography is covered in GS paper I of the UPSC mains exam. The GS Geography syllabus is as follows:
- Distribution of key natural resources across the world including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent; factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world including India.
- Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis, Volcanic activity, cyclones, etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
- Salient features of the world’s physical geography (geomorphology, climatology, oceanography, biogeography, and environmental geography)-
- Geomorphology – the interior of the earth, tectonics, physical phenomenon, mountain building, volcanoes, earthquakes, weathering & erosion, rocks, landforms
- Climatology – atmosphere, temperature distribution, jet streams, pressure & wind systems, airmasses, fronts, cyclones, humidity, precipitation, geographical phenomenon, climatic regions of the world
- Oceanography – ocean relief, temperature distribution, ocean currents, salinity, coral bleaching, marine pollution, sea level change, UN laws, etc.
- Biography – soil profile, degradation, conservation), biotic regions, deforestation, and conservation of forests, changes in critical geographical features, environmental pollution
UPSC Geography Optional Syllabus
The UPSC geography optional syllabus’s scoring ability and ration nature make it a popular choice among students from both Arts and Science courses. Let us first examine the structure of the UPSC geography optional.
| Geography Syllabus for UPSC | Topics | Marks |
| UPSC Geography Optional Syllabus Paper 1 | Physical Geography and Human Geography | 250 |
| UPSC Geography Optional Syllabus Paper 2 | Geography of India | 250 |
If you have chosen Geography as an optional subject for the UPSC Mains, you should prepare properly by studying previous years’ exams and reading appropriate books on Geography for UPSC. Mapping questions should always be included in preparation because they are a continual aspect of the question paper format. IAS aspirants may ensure success by combining their preparation for Geography optional with preparation for General Studies in prelims and mains.