Actual Article
Article 2: Admission or establishment of new States
Parliament may by law admit into the Union, or establish, new States on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.
UPSC Notes for Article 2
Explanation:
- Admission of New States: Article 2 grants the Parliament the authority to admit new states into the Union of India. This can include territories that were not originally part of India.
- Establishment of New States: Besides admitting new states, Parliament can also create new states from existing territories.
- Terms and Conditions: Parliament has the discretion to set the terms and conditions for the admission or establishment of these new states, ensuring flexibility in the governance structure.
Key Points:
- Parliament’s Authority: Article 2 emphasizes the central role of Parliament in determining the country’s territorial composition.
- Flexibility and Adaptability: The provision allows India to expand and adapt to changing political and administrative needs.
- Constitutional Process: Ensures any changes in the state’s configuration adhere to a legal and constitutional process.
Important Cases and Commissions Related to Article 2
Cases:
- Bhaumik Colony vs. Union of India (1996): Reiterated Parliament’s power under Article 2 to admit new territories into India.
- State of Sikkim vs. Union of India (1975): Sikkim’s admission as a state was facilitated through Article 2 and 2A, showing the practical application of this article.
Commissions:
- States Reorganization Commission (1953): Although primarily related to Article 3, it indirectly influences Article 2 by recommending how territories and states can be reorganized and possibly new states formed.
- North Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act, 1971: Led to the creation of new states in the northeastern region, showcasing the application of Article 2.
Important Reports Related to Article 2
- Fazl Ali Commission Report (1955): Recommended reorganization of states on linguistic lines, indirectly affecting the application of Article 2 for creating new states.
- Sarkaria Commission Report (1983): While focusing on Centre-State relations, it provided insights into the creation of new states and territories.
Anything Important Left Related to Article 2
- Global Comparisons: Article 2’s flexibility is relatively unique, as not all countries have such adaptable provisions for altering their territorial extent.
- Historical Admissions: The integration of princely states and territories like Sikkim into the Indian Union illustrates the practical use of Article 2.
- Strategic Importance: The power to admit new states ensures India can strategically manage its borders and regional governance effectively.
By understanding Article 2, UPSC aspirants can grasp how the Indian Constitution provides a structured yet flexible approach to the nation’s territorial expansion and political unity. This knowledge is critical for both preliminary and main examinations, offering insights into India’s federal structure and legislative process.