With respect to the administration under the Chola, consider the following statements:

1. The residential portions of a village under the Cholas were exempted from taxes.

2. The knowledge of Vedas was mandatory for becoming a village council member under the Cholas.

3. Both Malabar and Coromandel coasts were under the Chola occupation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• The land revenue department was well organized. It was called as puravuvarithinaikkalam. All lands were carefully surveyed and classified for assessment of revenue. The residential portion of the village was called ur nattam. These residential lands and other lands, such as the lands belonging to the temples, were exempted from tax.

• Under the Cholas, the village was divided into 30 wards and each was to nominate its members to the village council. The qualifications to become a ward member were:

(i) Ownership of at least one fourth veli of land.

(ii) Own residence.

(iii) Above thirty years and below seventy years of age.

(iv) Knowledge of Vedas.

• The Cholas maintained a regular standing army consisting of elephants, cavalry, infantry and navy. They paid special attention to their navy. The naval achievements of the Tamils reached its climax under the Cholas. They controlled the Malabar and Coromandal coasts. In fact, the Bay of Bengal became a Chola lake for some time.