In December, 1920, at the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress —

• The programme of Non-cooperation was endorsed.
• An important change was made in the Congress creed: now, instead of having the attainment of self-government through constitutional means as its goal, the Congress decided to have the attainment of Swaraj through peaceful and legitimate means, thus committing itself to an extra-constitutional mass struggle.
• Some important organisational changes were made: a Congress Working Committee (CWC) of 15 members was set up to lead the Congress from now onwards; Provincial Congress Committees on linguistic basis were organised; Ward Committees were organised; and entry fee was reduced to four annas.
• Gandhi declared that if the Non-cooperation Programme was implemented completely, Swaraj would be ushered in within a year.
• Many groups of revolutionary terrorists, especially those from Bengal, also pledged support to the Congress programme.
• At this stage, some leaders like Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, G.S. Kharpade and B.C. Pal left the Congress, as they believed in a constitutional and lawful struggle, while some others, like Surendranath Banerjea founded the Indian National Liberal Federation and played a minor role in national politics henceforward.
• The adoption by the Congress of the Non-cooperation Movement initiated earlier by the Khilafat Committee, gave it a new energy, and the years 1921 and 1922 saw an unprecedented popular upsurge.