• The Mimamsa philosophy is basically the analysis of interpretation, application and the use of the text of the Samhita and Brahmana portions of the Veda. According to the Mimamsa philosophy, the Vedas are eternal and possess all knowledge, and religion means the fulfilment of duties prescribed by the Vedas.

• The Mimamsa philosophy encompasses the Nyaya-Vaisheshika systems and emphasizes the concept of valid knowledge. Its main text is known as the Sutras of Gaimini, which have been written during the third century B.C. The names associated with this philosophy are Sabar Swami and Kumarila Bhatta.

The essence of the system, according to Jaimini, is Dharma, which is the dispenser of fruits of one’s actions, the law of righteousness itself. This system lays stress on the ritualistic part of the Vedas.

• Nyaya is considered as a technique of logical thinking. According to Nyaya, valid knowledge is defined as the real knowledge, that is, one knows about the object as it exists. For example, it is when one knows a snake as a snake, or a cup as a cup. The Nyaya System of Philosophy considers God who creates, sustains and destroys the universe. Gautama is said to be the author of the Nyaya Sutras.