In India, the term liberal essentially…

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In India, the term liberal essentially meant a voice representing courage and wider awareness. Training of such a voice was the main job of colleges and universities. This function grew under severe constraints in colonial times. Post independence, in higher education, the new economic policy designed on the principles of liberalization offered no safety net. From the beginning, the assumption was that higher education ought to generate its own resources. Both Central and State universities have been starved of financial resources. Cutting down on permanent staff, both teaching and non-teaching have emerged as the best strategy to cope with the financial crunch. So, if we now return to the question my young student had asked: ‘Does liberalization promote liberal values?’ The answer is, ‘It hasn’t.’

With reference to the above passage, which of the following is the most valid assumption?

International Relations Un Ai

Options

Liberalization resulted in resource crunch in most of the universities.

Liberalization has eroded the institutional capacity to train young people who might pursue liberal values.

Post Independence universities could train a large number of young people with liberal values.

Liberalization promoted liberal values to a great extent.

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