Gaurav makes two statements – “Some officers are honest” and “some officers are efficient”. Based on this, Nirav draws two conclusions – “Officers are either honest or efficient” and “Some officers are neither honest nor efficient”. Which of Nirav’s conclusion(s) is/are valid?

The given statements only show two qualities of officers – honesty and efficiency. However, officers can have more qualities as well. The first conclusion restricts the qualities of an officer to only these two. Hence, the first conclusion may or may not be valid.

Some officers are honest implies that there is atleast one officer who is honest. When we talk of there being “atleast one” officer, there is a possibility that each officer is honest. Similarly, there is a possibility that each officer is efficient. Hence, there is a valid case where every officer is honest as well as efficient.

In such a case, there is no officer who is neither honest nor efficient. Hence, the second conclusion may or may not be valid.

Hence, neither of Nirav’s conclusions is valid.

Hence, the correct answer is option d.