Consider the following statements regarding the civil uprisings during the 19^th century:

1. These uprisings were massive in totality, but were, in fact, localized and isolated.

2. These rebellions were innovative in approaches and progressive in ideological-cultural content.

3. The less recalcitrant of these uprisings were pacified through concessions by the authorities.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Weaknesses of civil uprisings during the 19^th century –

• These uprisings were massive in totality but were, in fact, localized and isolated.

• They were mostly the result of local grievances.

• The leadership was semi-feudal in character, backward looking, traditional in outlook and their resistance represented no societal alternative.

• These rebellions were centuries old in form and ideological-cultural content.

• The less recalcitrant of these were pacified through concessions by the authorities.

On the whole, however, these rebellions were able to establish valuable traditions of local resistance to authoritarianism.