• Gandhiji felt that a large section of intelligentsia favoured Parliamentary politics, with which he was in fundamental disagreement. Hence, in October 1934, he announced his resignation from Congress ‘only to serve it better in thought, word and deed’.

• Another section of intelligentsia felt estranged from Congress, because of Gandhiji’s emphasis on the spinning wheel, as the ‘second lung of the nation’, on Harijan work based on a moral and religious approach and on other items of constructive programmes.