In India, where social hierarchies have historically marginalized certain communities, the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) stands as a beacon of hope and justice. Established under Article 338 of the Constitution, the NCSC serves as a constitutional body dedicated to safeguarding the rights and interests of Scheduled Castes (SCs) across the nation.
The NCSC is a government organization set up to protect Scheduled Castes from being taken advantage of and to support their rights in areas like society, education, economy, and culture.
History and Constitution Provision
Initially, the constitution allowed for the appointment of a Special Officer under Article 338, who was known as the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
The 65th Amendment Act of 1990 changed Article 338, replacing the single-member system with a multi-member National Commission for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST).
The 89th Amendment Act of 2003 further amended Article 338, resulting in the replacement of the former National Commission for SC and ST with two separate Commissions:
- The National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
- The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
Composition
- The NCSC consists of a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson, and three other Members.
- These positions are appointed by the President through a warrant under his hand and seal.
- The President also determines their conditions of service and tenure of office.
Tenure
- The Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, and Members of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) serve a term of three years from the date they assume office.
- Individuals serving in these roles cannot be appointed for more than two terms.
Functions of NCSC
- Investigate and monitor all matters related to constitutional and legal safeguards for SCs and assess their effectiveness.
- Address specific complaints regarding the deprivation of rights and safeguards of SCs.
- Provide advice on the planning of socio-economic development for SCs and evaluate their progress.
- Submit reports to the President regularly on the implementation of safeguards for SCs.
- Make recommendations to the Union or states for effective implementation of safeguards and other measures for the protection and welfare of SCs.
- Previously, the commission also handled similar responsibilities for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) until 2018, when this duty was relieved by the 102nd Amendment Act.
Report of the NCSC
- The Commission submits reports to the President either annually or as it deems necessary.
- The President presents these reports to the Parliament, along with a memorandum detailing the actions taken regarding the Commission’s recommendations.
- The memorandum includes explanations for any recommendations that were not accepted.
- Additionally, any report concerning a State Government is forwarded by the President to the respective State Governor.
- The Governor then presents the report to the State Legislature, accompanied by a memorandum outlining actions taken and reasons for any non-accepted recommendations.
The National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) holds significant importance in India’s continuous endeavor for an inclusive society. Through its efforts in safeguarding rights, promoting development initiatives, and advocating for policy changes, the commission empowers Scheduled Castes (SCs) and contributes to a more equitable future. As India moves forward towards inclusive growth and social justice, the NCSC continues to stand as a pivotal institution in this journey.
Also read about National Commission for Scheduled Tribe.