Actual Article
Article 52 of the Indian Constitution establishes the office of the President of India. It signifies the beginning of Part V of the Constitution, which deals with the Union executive. The President is the head of the Indian state and the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces.
Text of Article 52
“There shall be a President of India.”
UPSC Notes for Article 52
- Objective: To establish the highest constitutional office in India, symbolizing the unity, integrity, and sovereignty of the nation.
- Key Provisions:
- President as Head of State: The President represents the Republic of India and performs ceremonial duties, apart from exercising executive powers.
- Integral Part of the Executive: Though largely a ceremonial figurehead, the President plays a crucial role in the executive framework of the government, ensuring the continuity and stability of governance.
- Significance: The President embodies the sovereignty of the nation, serving as a vital link between the different branches of government and upholding the Constitution.
Important Cases and Commissions Related to Article 52
- S.R. Bommai vs. Union of India (1994): This landmark case outlined the extent and limitations of the President’s powers, particularly concerning the dismissal of state governments under Article 356.
- Keshavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala (1973): The Supreme Court emphasized the role of the President in maintaining the constitutional framework, asserting that the basic structure of the Constitution cannot be altered.
Important Reports Related to Article 52
- Sarkaria Commission Report (1983): Discussed the role of the President in maintaining the balance between the Union and State governments, particularly in the context of using Article 356.
- Punchhi Commission Report (2010): Reviewed the center-state relations and recommended measures to ensure the effective functioning of the President’s office, especially during constitutional crises.
Previous Year Prelims Questions Related to Article 52
- Prelims 2020:
- Which Article of the Indian Constitution establishes the office of the President of India?
- (a) Article 53
- (b) Article 54
- (c) Article 52
- (d) Article 51
- Answer: (c) Article 52
- Prelims 2015:
- The President of India is part of which branch of the government?
- (a) Executive
- (b) Legislature
- (c) Judiciary
- (d) None of the above
- Answer: (a) Executive
Previous Year Mains Questions Related to Article 52
- Mains 2018:
- Examine the role and powers of the President of India as envisaged in the Indian Constitution. How has the role evolved over the years?
- Mains 2015:
- Discuss the significance of the office of the President in the Indian parliamentary system. How does the President act as a guardian of the Constitution?
Article 52 is fundamental in establishing the office of the President, the highest constitutional authority in India. The President serves as the ceremonial head of state, symbolizing the unity and integrity of the nation, and plays a critical role in the executive branch of the government. Understanding the provisions, significance, and related judicial interpretations of Article 52 is essential for UPSC aspirants preparing for both prelims and mains examinations.