Actual Article
Article 47: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties, and, in particular, the State shall endeavor to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.
UPSC Notes for Article 47
Explanation:
- Directive Principle: Article 47 is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) under Part IV of the Indian Constitution. It mandates the State to prioritize improving the level of nutrition, the standard of living, and public health among its citizens.
- Objective: The primary aim is to ensure that the State actively works towards the well-being of its people by enhancing nutrition, living standards, and health conditions, and by regulating harmful substances.
Key Points:
- Nutrition and Living Standards: The State must implement policies and programs that improve dietary intake and living conditions, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life.
- Public Health: Focuses on the prevention and control of diseases, improving healthcare infrastructure, and ensuring access to medical services for all.
- Prohibition of Harmful Substances: Encourages the State to restrict the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs except for medicinal purposes to safeguard public health.
Important Cases and Commissions Related to Article 47
Cases:
- State of Kerala vs. N. M. Thomas (1976): The Supreme Court acknowledged the importance of DPSPs, including Article 47, emphasizing their role in guiding the State towards ensuring public welfare.
- Vincent Panikurlangara vs. Union of India (1987): Highlighted the duty of the State to protect public health and stressed the importance of regulatory measures to control harmful substances.
Commissions:
- National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB): Established to monitor the nutritional status of the population, providing data that helps in formulating policies in line with Article 47.
- National Health Policy (2002): Aimed at achieving an acceptable standard of good health among the general population, focusing on preventive, promotive, and curative aspects.
Important Reports Related to Article 47
- National Family Health Survey (NFHS): Provides comprehensive data on nutrition, health, and family welfare, helping the State to design effective interventions in line with Article 47.
- Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (2016-2018): Jointly conducted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and UNICEF, this survey assesses the nutritional status of children and adolescents in India.
Previous Year Prelims Questions Related to Article 47
- Which of the following is a Directive Principle of State Policy under the Indian Constitution aimed at improving public health and nutrition?
- A. Article 39
- B. Article 47
- C. Article 48
- D. Article 49 Correct Answer: B. Article 47
- Article 47 of the Indian Constitution mandates the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people. It also aims to:
- A. Promote agricultural practices
- B. Improve public health
- C. Encourage industrial development
- D. Ensure scientific research Correct Answer: B. Improve public health
Previous Year Mains Questions Related to Article 47
- Mains 2017: “Discuss the role of Article 47 of the Indian Constitution in shaping the health and nutrition policies in India. How effective have these policies been in achieving their objectives?”
- Mains 2019: “Examine the significance of Directive Principles of State Policy, especially Article 47, in ensuring the welfare of the citizens. How does it influence government policy?”
Additional Insights:
- Government Initiatives: Programs such as the Mid-Day Meal Scheme, the National Health Mission (NHM), and the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) are pivotal in implementing the objectives of Article 47.
- Challenges: Despite numerous initiatives, issues like malnutrition, poor healthcare infrastructure, and limited access to health services persist, necessitating more robust and inclusive policies.
- Future Directions: Addressing the goals of Article 47 requires increased funding, effective implementation of policies, and public awareness campaigns to improve nutrition and public health comprehensively.
By understanding Article 47, UPSC aspirants can gain insights into the constitutional directive aimed at improving nutrition, living standards, and public health. This knowledge is essential for both preliminary and main examinations, providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of Directive Principles in shaping state policies for the welfare and health of the population.