Actual Article
Article 347: Special provision relating to the language spoken by a section of the population of a State
On a demand being made in that behalf the President may, if he is satisfied that a substantial proportion of the population of a State desires the use of any language spoken by them to be recognized throughout that State or any part thereof for such purposes as he may specify, direct that such language shall also be officially recognized throughout that State or any part thereof for such purposes as may be specified in the direction.
UPSC Notes for Article 347
Explanation:
- Presidential Authority: Article 347 empowers the President to recognize a language spoken by a substantial proportion of the population of a State for official purposes, either throughout the State or in specified parts, based on a demand from the population.
- Conditions for Recognition: The President must be satisfied that the demand represents a substantial proportion of the population and that the language’s recognition is necessary for specified purposes.
Key Points:
- Democratic Consideration: Provides a mechanism for the democratic recognition of languages based on popular demand within a State.
- Inclusivity: Ensures that languages spoken by significant sections of the population can be officially recognized, promoting inclusivity and cultural diversity.
- Presidential Discretion: The decision to recognize a language is at the discretion of the President, ensuring a balanced and considered approach.
Important Cases and Commissions Related to Article 347
Cases:
- No landmark Supreme Court cases specifically interpreting Article 347, but it is relevant in discussions on linguistic diversity and the recognition of regional languages.
Commissions:
- Official Language Commission (1955): Made recommendations for the recognition and promotion of regional languages based on the linguistic needs of the population.
- State Language Commissions: Various states have established their own language commissions to address demands for the recognition of regional languages.
Important Reports Related to Article 347:
- Official Language Commission Reports: Provide insights into the recognition and use of regional languages and recommend measures for promoting linguistic inclusivity.
- State Language Commission Reports: Discuss the specific linguistic needs of states and recommend the recognition of languages spoken by substantial sections of the population.
Previous Year Prelims Questions Related to Article 347
- (UPSC Prelims 2016) Under Article 347 of the Indian Constitution, who has the authority to recognize a language spoken by a substantial proportion of the population of a State for official purposes?
A. The Prime Minister
B. The President
C. The Chief Minister
D. The Speaker of the State Legislative Assembly Correct Answer: B. The President - (UPSC Prelims 2018) What is required for a language to be recognized officially in a State under Article 347?
A. A demand from the population
B. A resolution by the State Legislature
C. An order from the Chief Minister
D. Approval by the Governor Correct Answer: A. A demand from the population
Previous Year Mains Questions Related to Article 347
- Mains 2016: “Discuss the significance of Article 347 in promoting linguistic diversity and inclusivity within a State. How does this article empower communities and ensure the recognition of regional languages?”
- Mains 2019: “Evaluate the impact of Article 347 on the recognition of regional languages in India. What are the challenges and benefits associated with the presidential discretion in this context?”
Additional Insights:
- Empowering Communities: Article 347 empowers linguistic communities by providing a formal mechanism for the recognition of their languages based on popular demand.
- Cultural Preservation: Helps in preserving and promoting the cultural heritage associated with regional languages.
- Balancing Act: Balances the need for linguistic inclusivity with the administrative efficiency of recognizing multiple languages for official purposes.
Understanding Article 347 is crucial for UPSC aspirants as it provides insights into the constitutional provisions for the recognition of regional languages based on popular demand, highlighting the importance of linguistic diversity and inclusivity. This knowledge is essential for both preliminary and main examinations, offering a comprehensive understanding of the linguistic policies within the Indian Constitution.