Consider the following Statements and Conclusions:

Statements:

Some rats are cats.

Some cats are dogs.

No dog is a cow.

Conclusions:

No cow is a cat.

No dog is a rat.

Some cats are rats.

Which of the above conclusions is/are drawn from the statements?

Answer is (c)

The conclusion that ‘Some rats are cats’ leads to ‘Some cats are rats’ is valid, which supports conclusion III. However, since both statements I and II start with ‘some’, no conclusion can be drawn regarding rats and dogs. Therefore, conclusion II is not valid, eliminating all options but (c).

Regarding cats and cows, the only valid conclusion would be ‘Some cats are not cows’. Therefore, conclusion I is not valid.