Consider the following statements related to the factors governing the Indian monsoon:

1. The Indian monsoon is just a near surface phenomenon.

2. Tropical cyclones do impact the Indian monsoon.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Upper air circulation, caused by the factors controlling global weather, and the inflow of different air masses and jet streams have great bearing on monsoon.

The pattern of pressure and winds, as mentioned, is formed only at the level of the troposphere. An easterly jet stream flows over the southern part of the Peninsula in June and has a maximum speed of 90 km per hour. The easterly jet stream steers the tropical depressions into India. These depressions play a significant role in the distribution of monsoon rainfall over the Indian subcontinent

Tropical cyclones, originating in both the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, guide the major rainfall and their absence leads to breaks in monsoons.