Consider the following statements:

1. The distribution of the monsoon rainfall is largely governed by the topography.

2. Tamil Nadu mainly receives rainfall due to the south west monsoon.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Characteristics of the monsoonal rainfall

• Rainfall received from the south-west monsoons is seasonal in character, which occurs between June and September. Monsoonal rainfall is largely governed by relief or topography. For instance, the windward side of the Western Ghats register a rainfall of over 250 cm. Again, the heavy rainfall in the north-eastern states can be attributed to their hill ranges and the Eastern Himalayas.

• The monsoon rainfall has a declining trend with increasing distance from the sea. Kolkata receives 119 cm rainfall during the south-west monsoon period, Patna 105 cm, Allahabad 76 cm and Delhi 56 cm.

• The Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during the south-west monsoon season.

• There are two factors responsible for it:

• The Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of the south-west monsoon. 
• It lies in the rain shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon.

It mainly receives rainfall during the retreating monsoon.